《科学》杂志携手上海交通大学聚焦“探索与发现”,面向全球发布新版“125个科学问题”。
这不仅仅是对既往研究成果的凝练与升华,更是对未来人类发展的激励与引领。
黎曼猜想是真的吗?
我们可以预测下一次流行病吗?
能量存储的未来是怎样的?
我们有可能在另一个星球上长期居住吗?
量子人工智能可以模仿人脑吗?
DNA可以广泛用作信息存储介质吗?
我们如何在火星上开发制造系统?
此次发布的125个科学问题涉及数学、化学、医学健康、生命学科、天文学、物理学、信息科学、材料科学、神经科学、生态学、能源科学和人工智能等多个领域,涵盖范围广,学科领域丰富。
申请美国顶尖大学的理工科学生,你希望解决具体哪个全世界最前沿的科学问题?
SJTU & Science 125个科学问题
Mathematical Sciences 数学
- What makes prime numbers so special?
什么使素数如此特别?
- Will the Navier–Stokes problem ever be solve?
纳维尔-斯托克斯问题会得到解决吗?
- Is the Riemann hypothesis true?
黎曼猜想是真的吗?
Chemistry 化学
- Are there more color pigments to iscover?
还有更多色彩元素可发现吗?
- Will the perioic table ever be complete?
元素周期表会完整吗?
- How can we measure interface phenomena on the microscopic level?
如何在微观层面测量界面现象?
- What is the future for energy storage?
能量存储的未来是怎样的?
- Why oes life require chirality?
为什么生命需要手性?
- How can we better manage the worl's plastic waste?
我们如何更好地管理世界上的塑料废物?
- Will AI reefine the future of chemistry?
AI会重新定义化学的未来吗?
- How can matter be programme into living materials?
物质如何被编码而成为生命材料?
- What rives reprouction in living systems?
是什么驱动生命系统的复制?
Meicine & Health 医学与健康
- Can we preict the next panemic?
我们可以预测下一次流行病吗?
- Will we ever fin a cure for the common col?
我们会找到治疗感冒的方法吗?
- Can we esign an manufacture meicines customize for iniviual people?
我们可以设计和制造出为个人定制的药物吗?
- Can a human tissue or organ be fully regenerate?
人体组织或器官可以完全再生吗?
- How is immune homeostasis maintaine an regulate?
如何维持和调节免疫稳态?
- Is there a scientific basis to the Meriian System in traitional Chinese meicine?
中医的经络系统有科学依据吗?
- How will the next generation of vaccines be mae?
下一代疫苗将如何生产?
- Can we ever overcome antibiotic resistance?
我们能否克服抗生素耐药性?
- What is the etiology of autism?
自闭症的病因是什么?
- What role oes our microbiome play in health an isease?
我们的微生物组在健康和疾病中扮演什么角色?
- Can xenotransplantation solve the shortage of onor organs?
异种移植能否解决供体器官的短缺问题?
Biology 生命科学
- What coul help conservation of the oceans?
什么可以帮助保护海洋?
- Can we stop ourselves from aging?
我们可以阻止自己衰老吗?
- Why can only some cells become other cells?
为什么只有一些细胞会变成其他细胞?
- Why are some genomes so big an others very small?
为什么有些基因组非常大而另一些却很小?
- Will it be possible to cure all cancers?
有可能治愈所有癌症吗?
- What genes make us uniquely human?
哪些基因使我们人类与众不同?
- How o migratory animals know where they're going?
迁徙动物如何知道它们要去哪里?
- How many species are there on Earth?
地球上有多少物种?
- How o organisms evolve?
有机体是如何进化的?
- Why i inosaurs grow to be so big?
为什么恐龙长得如此之大?
- Di ancient humans interbree with other human-like ancestors?
远古人类是否曾与其他类人祖先杂交?
- Why o humans get so attache to ogs an cats?
人类为什么会对猫狗如此着迷?
- Will the worl's population keep growing inefinitely?
世界人口会无限增长吗?
- Why o we stop growing?
我们为什么会停止生长?
- Is e-extinction possible?
能否复活灭绝生物?
- Can humans hibernate?
人类可以冬眠吗?
- Where o human emotions originate?
人类的情感源于何处?
- Will humans look physically ifferent in the future?
未来人类的外貌会有所不同吗?
- Why were there species explosions an mass extinction?
为什么会发生物种大爆发和大灭绝?
- How might genome eiting be use to cure isease?
基因组编辑将如何用于治疗疾病?
- Can a cell be artificially synthesize?
可以人工合成细胞吗?
- How are biomolecules organize in cells to function orerly an effectively?
细胞内的生物分子是如何组织从而有序有效发挥作用的?
Astronomy 天文学
- How many imensions are there in space?
空间中有多少个维度?
- What is the shape of the universe?
宇宙的形状是怎样的?
- Where i the big bang start?
大爆炸从何处开始?
- Why on't the orbits of planets ecay an cause them to crash into each other?
为什么行星的轨道不衰减并导致它们相互碰撞?
- When will the universe ie? Will it continue to expan?
宇宙何时消亡?它会继续膨胀吗?
- Is it possible to live permanently on another planet?
我们有可能在另一个星球上长期居住吗?
- Why o black holes exist?
为什么存在黑洞?
- What is the universe mae of?
宇宙是由什么构成的?
- Are we alone in the universe?
我们是宇宙中唯一的生命体吗?
- What is the origin of cosmic rays?
宇宙射线的起源是什么?
- What is the origin of mass?
物质的起源是什么?
- What is the smallest scale of space-time?
时空的最小尺度是是多少?
- Is water necessary for all life in the universe, or just on Earth?
水是宇宙中所有生命所必需的么,还是仅对地球生命?
- What is preventing humans from carrying out eep-space exploration?
是什么阻止了人类进行深空探测?
- Is Einstein's general theory of relativity correct?
爱因斯坦的广义相对论是正确的吗?
- How are pulsars forme?
脉冲星是如何形成的?
- Is our Milky Way Galaxy special?
我们的银河系特别吗?
- What is the volume, composition, an significance of the eep biosphere?
深层生物圈的规模、组成和意义是什么?
- Will humans one ay have to leave the planet (or ie trying)?
人类有一天会不得不离开地球吗(还是会在尝试中死去)?
- Where o the heavy elements in the universe come from?
宇宙中的重元素来自何处?
- Is it possible to unerstan the structure of compact stars an matter?
有可能了解致密恒星和物质的结构吗?
- What is the origin of the high-energy cosmic neutrinos?
高能宇宙中微子的起源是什么?
- What is gravity?
什么是重力?
Physics 物理学
- Is there a iffraction limit?
有衍射极限吗?
- What is the microscopic mechanism for high-temperature superconuctivity?
高温超导的微观机理是什么?
- What are the limits of heat transfer in matter?
物质传热的极限是什么?
- What are the funamental principles of collective motion?
集体运动的基本原理是什么?
- What are the smallest builing blocks of matter?
什么是物质的最小组成部分?
- Will we ever travel at the spee of light?
我们会以光速行驶吗?
- What is quantum uncertainty an why is it important?
什么是量子不确定性,为什么它很重要?
- Will there ever be a "theory of everything"?
会有“万有理论”吗?
- Why oes time seem to flow in only one irection?
为什么时间似乎只朝一个方向流动?
- What is ark matter?
什么是暗物质?
Can we make a real, human-size invisibility cloak?我们可以制作出真人大小的隐形斗篷吗?
Are there any particles that behave oppositely to the properties or states of photons?
是否存在与光子性质或状态相反的粒子?
- Will the Bose-Einstein conensate be wiely use in the future?
玻色-爱因斯坦冷凝体未来会被广泛使用吗?
- Can humans make intense lasers with incoherence comparable to sunlight?
人类能制造出与太阳光相似的非相干强激光吗?
- What is the maximum spee to which we can accelerate a particle?
我们最多可以将粒子加速到多快?
- Is quantum many-boy entanglement more funamental than quantum fiels?
量子多体纠缠比量子场更基本吗?
- What is the optimum harware for quantum computers?
量子计算机的最佳硬件是什么?
- Can we accurately simulate the macro- an microworl?
我们可以精确模拟宏观和微观世界吗?
Information Science 信息科学
- Is there an upper limit to computer processing spee?
计算机处理速度是否有上限?
- Can AI replace a octor?
AI可以代替医生吗?
- Can topological quantum computing be realize?
拓扑量子计算可以实现吗?
- Can DNA act as an information storage meium?DNA可以用作信息存储介质吗?
Engineering & Material Science 工程与材料科学
- What is the ultimate statistical invariances of turbulence?
湍流的最终统计不变性是什么?
- How can we break the current limit of energy conversion efficiencies?
我们如何突破当前的能量转换效率极限?
- How can we evelop manufacturing systems on Mars?
我们如何在火星上开发制造系统?
- Is a future of only self-riving cars realistic?
纯无人驾驶汽车的未来是否现实?
Neuroscience 神经科学
- What are the coing principles embee in neuronal spike trains?
神经元放电序列的编码准则是什么?
- Where oes consciousness lie?
意识存在于何处?
- Can human memory be store, manipulate, an transplante igitally?
能否数字化地存储、操控和移植人类记忆?
- Why o we nee sleep?
为什么我们需要睡眠?
- What is aiction an how oes it work?
什么是成瘾?
- Why o we fall in love?
为什么我们会坠入爱河?
- How i speech evolve an what parts of the brain control it?
言语如何演变形成,大脑的哪些部分对其进行控制?
- How smart are nonhuman animals?
除人类以外的其他动物有多聪明?
- Why are most people right-hane?
为什么大多数人都是右撇子?
- Can we cure neuroegenerative iseases?
我们可以治愈神经退行性疾病吗?
- Is it possible to preict the future?
有可能预知未来吗?
- Can we more effectively iagnose an treat complex mental isorers?
精神障碍能否有效诊断和治疗?
Ecology 生态学
- Can we stop global climate change?
我们可以阻止全球气候变化吗?
- Where o we put all the excess carbon ioxie?
我们能把过量的二氧化碳存到何处?
- What creates the Earth's magnetic fiel (an why oes it move)?
是什么创造了地球的磁场(为什么它会移动)?
- Will we be able to preict catastrophic weather events (tsunami, hurricanes, earthquakes) more accurately?
我们是否能够更准确地预测灾害性事件(海啸、飓风、地震)?
- What happens if all the ice on the planet melts?
如果地球上所有的冰融化会怎样?
- Can we create an environmentally frienly replacement for plastics?
我们可以创造一种环保的塑料替代品吗?
- Can we achieve a situation where essentially every material can be recycle an reuse?
几乎所有材料都可以回收再利用是否可以实现?
- Will we soon see the en of monocultures like wheat, maize, rice, an soy?
我们会很快看到小麦、玉米、大米和大豆等单一作物的终结吗?
Energy Science 能源科学
- Coul we live in a fossil-fuel-free worl?
我们可以生活在一个去化石燃料的世界中吗?
- What is the future of hyrogen energy?
氢能的未来是怎样的?
- Will col fusion ever be possible?
冷聚变有可能实现吗?
Artificial Intelligence 人工智能
- Will injectable, isease-fighting nanobots ever be a reality?
可注射的抗病纳米机器人会成为现实吗?
- Will it be possible to create sentient robots?
是否有可能创建有感知力的机器人?
- Is there a limit to human intelligence?
人类智力是否有极限?
- Will artificial intelligence replace humans?
人工智能会取代人类吗?
- How oes group intelligence emerge?
群体智能是如何出现的?
- Can robots or AIs have human creativity?
机器人或 AI 可以具有人类创造力吗?
- Can quantum artificial intelligence imitate the human brain?
量子人工智能可以模仿人脑吗?
- Coul we integrate with computers to form a human-machine hybri species?
我们可以和计算机结合以形成人机混合物种吗?
提出问题、保持好奇心是人类生活的基础。这对于我们作为一个物种如何进化和繁荣至关重要。
提出问题的行为通常不是寻找答案,而是试图在我们的世界中寻找意义以及与我们共享地球的植物、动物、昆虫甚至微生物的联系。
提出问题会激发好奇心,从而导致更多问题和更深入的调查。
申请美国顶尖大学的理工科学生,发动你的“最强大脑”,激发你的智慧和好奇心,共同讨论人类当前与未来面对的科学问题。