人在阅读时会遇到困难，阅读能力需要通过练习。而最重要的一点是需要弄清楚你阅读的目的!看制造家具的说明书和阅读教科书并不是一回事！一旦你弄清楚你的阅读目的，你就能选择更加专注于强化阅读技巧，例如词汇、速度或是帮助你更深入理解一篇文章意义的更广泛技巧。
Many people have trouble with reaing. Reaing well takes practice! The most important thing to figure out is the purpose of your reaing: looking at instructions to buil furniture an stuying a textbook are not the same thing! Once you've figure out your purpose, you can choose to focus on what are known as intensive reaing techniques that stress things like vocabulary an spee, or instea on extensive techniques that will help you engage with the meaning of a text in a eeper way.
【Metho 1 Pre-reaing 阅读前】
1.Make sure you unerstan the type of text you have. 确保了解你将要读的文章类型
Ask yourself: What type of work am I reaing? Is it information-base, like a newspaper, textbook, or manual? Or is it more creative/artistic, like a novel or short story? This matters!
· For instance, if you're reaing to follow instructions (like a recipe or assembly guie), you’ll nee to unerstan the exact meaning of each step.
· If you're reaing a text that has lots of information, like a textbook, then you'll be reaing most of all for new information on things you on't know or unerstan.
2.Decie on the purpose of your reaing.决定你阅读的目的
The reason why you're reaing has an impact on how you rea. For instance, reaing a novel for a class can be ifferent than reaing a novel for pleasure, since you'll be expecte to unerstan an remember the text rather than just enjoy the experience of reaing it. Ask yourself: What am I reaing for?
· If you're reaing to gain information (for instance, to meet work or school requirements), you'll probably want to try extensive techniques.
· If you're reaing to practice pronunciation, learn vocabulary, or stuy grammar, you'll probably want to try intensive techniques.
3.Scan your reaing before you begin.在你开始阅读前首先浏览一遍你的阅读材料
Whatever the purpose of your reaing is, taking a few minutes to look the piece over is very helpful. Check an see how the work is structure an presente. These are easy ways to increase your unerstaning.
· Does the work have a title?
· Is there are a table of contents you can scan?
· Is the work ivie into separate sections?
· Does the work have any “extras,” like bole key wors, illustrations, or graphs?
【Metho 2 Reaing Intensively 精读】
1.Rea intensively if you want to practice the funamentals an learn vocabulary.
如果你想要提高阅读基础和增加词汇量，请精读
Intensive reaing is focuse more on iniviual etails of what you're reaing. If you want to practice pronunciation, stuy grammar, or learn vocabulary, you'll want to rea more slowly an focus more on iniviual wors an sentences.
2.Look for just the gist of a text's meaning.找出文章的写作主旨
For intensive reaing, it's not always important to worry about what something means in a eep way. Just trying to get a general sense of what the reaing is about. As you rea, you'll focus more on etails like spelling, pronunciation, an the rhythm of sentences.
· Don't get too caught up in parts you on't fully unerstan. If you can summarize the main point of what you’re reaing, then you're oing ok.
3.Rea out lou. 大声阅读
This can improve your reaing skills because it makes you be involve with the text in two ways: with your eyes, as you look at the wors, an with your ears, as you listen to them. Reaing out lou is also key if you're trying to practice pronunciation.
4.Try to guess the meaning of any new wors.遇到不懂的新词汇先试着猜猜它的意思
When you come to a wor you on't know, try not to reach for the ictionary right away. Instea, try to guess the meaning of the wor base on the other wors aroun it (the context).
· For example, say you rea the following sentence an wante to know what "pessimist" means: My mother is always happy an optimistic, the total opposite of my brother, the pessimist.
· From the sentence, you can gather that "pessimist" means the opposite of happy: being mooy an angry.
5.Write own new wors you want to learn. 摘抄下想要学习的新词汇
If you come to any wors that you can't figure out, write them own an look up their meaning in a goo ictionary. That way, you can stuy the wors later, too.
6.Rea as often as you can. 尽可能地多阅读
The more you rea, the easier it becomes. Practicing for at least 15 to 30 minutes a ay, every ay, will make a big ifference.
· Rea whatever interests you, if you're just trying to improve your basic skill.
· Rereaing things you've alreay gone through can buil your confience.
【Metho 3 Reaing Extensively 泛读】
1.Try extensive reaing if you're looking for unerstaning.
如果你意在理解，可以试着泛读
Extensive reaing works when you’re trying to etermine the meaning of what you're reaing. This technique focuses on the overall picture. It’s best for things like stuying a textbook, reaing a newspaper article for information, or reaing a book for school.
2.Take notes on your reaing.养成阅读时做笔记的习惯
If you want to rea to unerstan something on a eeper level, like stuying a textbook, it helps to rea more actively. Keep a notebook out an make notes on important things you notice as you rea.
· For instance, you can make bullet points to summarize every time you come to a major iea.
· If there are key terms or ates in whatever you're reaing, make a note of those as well.
· If there are parts you on't unerstan, write own the questions you have an come back to them later.
3.Annotate your reaing. 养成阅读时作注释的习惯
If you're able to write in or mark up whatever it is you're reaing, this can also help increase your unerstaning. For instance, you can unerline or highlight important passages. You coul also try things like circling key terms an writing notes in the margins.
4.Review what you're reaing by summarizing it. 通过总结来重温你所阅读的内容
Every so often, stop an write a few sentences in your notes to summarize what you've rea so far. Putting the main ieas into your own wors an writing them out is a way of checking that you unerstan what you're reaing. Going back over the material also helps you remember what you’ve rea.
· If you have trouble summarizing or remembering any part of what you've rea, go back over it again.
· You can also try writing out a summary in an outline form, rather than full sentences.
5.Ientify key wors an concepts. 识别关键词及概念
When you encounter a wor or concept that seems essential to a text's meaning, make a note of it. If you are reaing a textbook, these might even be set apart in bol print, or in a separate vocabulary section. You can write the wors or concepts own to stuy them later, or even make a set of flash cars.
· If you come across a wor or concept that seems important but is not clearly efine in the text, look up its meaning in a ictionary or encyclopeia (either online or print).
· If you see certain wors being use over an over again, that's another sign that they're important for what you're reaing an worth looking up.
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