数据分析是指 用适当的统计分析方法对收集来的大量数据进行分析，提取有用信息和形成结论而对数据加以详细研究和概括总结的过程，这一过程也是质量管理体系的支持过程。 在实用中，数据分析可帮助人们作出判断，以便采取适当行动。
数据分析的数学基础在20世纪早期就已确立，但直到计算机的出现才使得实际操作成为可能，并使得数据分析得以推广。可以说，数据分析是数学与计算机科学相结合的产物。
如今世界进入了大数据时代，几乎每个企业都有巨量数据需要分析。因此不论国内外，数据分析专业都非常受到学生的欢迎。就读于该专业将会学习到的课程包括计算机、计算机编程、应用统计学、应用数学、运筹学、优化选择、决策理论等等。
下面俞老师以哈佛大学、哥伦比亚大学、南加州大学为例，为大家详细介绍一下：
Harvar University
Master of Science in Data Science
https://www.seas.harvar.eu/applie-computation/grauate-programs/masters-> DATA SCIENCE COURSES (课程设置)
Core Courses:
AC 209a Data Science 1: Introuction to Data Science
AC 209b Data Science 2: Avance Topics in Data Science
AM 207 Avance Scientific Computing: Stochastic Methos for Data Analysis, Inference, an Optimization
CS 207 Systems Development for Computational Science
AC 221 Critical Thinking in Data Science
Research Courses:
(At least one research experience. This requirement can be satisfie by the AC 297r Capstone project course, a semester-length inepenent stuy project, or a master's thesis project.)
AC 297r Data Science Capstone Research Project Course
AC 299r Inepenent Stuy in Applie Computation
At least one Computer Science elective an one Statistics:
CS 165 Data Systems
CS 171 Visualization
CS 181 Machine Learning
CS 182 Artificial Intelligence
CS 281 Avance Machine Learning
CS 282r Topics in Machine Learning
STAT 131 Time Series & Preiction
STAT 139 Linear Moels
STAT 149 Generalize Linear Moels
STAT 195 Statistical Machine Learning
Up to one seminar course - AC 298r or similar
Up to four other ata science electives (from other FAS epartments or other schools at Harvar)
As a final requirement, the presentation of a poster on a ata science project at the annual IACS Project Showcase.
Amissions Criteria: (关于学术背景方面的招生要求)
We are looking for caniates who have emonstrate a capacity for avance computational work by excelling in courses in math, computer science, statistics or scientific computing;Exploring computational or statistical approaches in unergrauate research,or through istinctive professional accomplishment.
There are no formal prerequisites for applicants to our master’s programs. However successful applicants o nee to have sufficient backgroun in Computer Science, Math, an Statistics - incluing fluency in at least one programming language an knowlege of calculus, linear algebra, an statistical inference.
Columbia University
Master of Science in Data Science
https://atascience.columbia.eu/master-of-science-in->
CURRICULUM: (课程设置)
Require/Core Courses:
STAT GR5701 Probability an Statistics for Data Science
CSOR W4246 Algorithms for Data Science
STAT GR5703 Statistics Inference an Moeling
COMS W4121 Computer Systems for Data Science
COMS W4721 Machine Learning for Data Science
STAT GR5702 Exploratory Data Analysis an Visualization
ENGI E4800 Data Science Capstone an Ethics
Electives:
Nine (9) creits of elective courses shoul be rawn upon existing grauate level courses at Columbia University.
In aition to avisor approval, elective course selection will be subject to course prerequsities, course availability, an the cross-registration proceures of the school/epartment offering the requeste courses.
ELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENTS：(关于学术背景方面的招生要求)
Unergrauate egree
Prior quantitative coursework (calculus, linear algebra, etc.)
Prior introuctory computer programming coursework
University of Southern California
Master of Science in Applie Data Science
https://atascience.columbia.eu/master-of-science-in->
CURRICULUM: (课程设置)
Core Courses:
INF 551 Founations of Data Management
INF 552 Machine Learning for Data Science
INF 553 Founations an Applications of Data Mining
Electives:
Take five (5) courses
CSCI 544 Applie Natural Language Processing
CSCI 550 Avance Data Stores
CSCI 570 Analysis of Algorithms
CSCI 572 Information Retrieval an Web Search Engines
CSCI 587 Geospatial Information Management
INF 510 Principles of Programming for Data Science
INF 529 Security an Privacy in Informatics
INF 549 Introuction to Computational Thinking an Data Science
INF 550 Data Science at Scale
INF 554 Information Visualization
INF 555 Interaction Design an Usability Testing
INF 556 User Experience Design an Strategy
INF 558 Builing Knowlege Graphs
INF 560 Data Science Professional Practicum
INF 599 Special Topics
REQUIREMENTS (关于学术背景方面的招生要求)
Bachelor’s egree from an accreite institution in any engineering or engineering-relate isciplines incluing but not limite to: Statistics, Mathematics, Computer Science, Information Systems, Economics, Information Technology, Physics, Software Engineering, an Chemical Engineering.
以上就是哈佛大学、哥伦比亚大学、南加州大学官方的课程设置、关于学术背景的招生要求信息，在此列出来方便大家更加直观的了解。
正因为市场的需求，数据分析员成为了一个重要的职位。即使是听上去和数据完全不挂钩的企业，也有超出你想象的大量数据需要进行分析，才能进行决策帮助公司更好地运营。悄然无息地，数据分析专业的毕业生默默成为了各大企业争相抢夺的人才。
根据行业的不同，数据分析师可能有不同的头衔（比如：商业分析师，商业智能分析师，业务/运营分析师，数据分析师）不管头衔是什么，数据分析师是一个能适应不同角色和团队的多面手以帮助别人做出更好的数据驱动的决策。
数据分析师的薪酬
在美国数据分析师的平均薪酬为＄59,559，接下来，让我们一起来看看随着工作年限的增加，薪酬的变化趋势以及不同公司的薪酬规定吧！
工作年限角度
- 不到1年经验的入门级数据分析师平均工资总额约为54K美元（基于2,712名员工）;
- 具有1-4年经验的早期数据分析师平均薪资总额约59K美元;
- 具有5-9年经验的职业数据分析师平均薪酬总额约为67K美元;
- 具有10-19年丰富经验的数据分析师平均薪资总额约为69K美元；
- 20年以上经验的数据分析师平均总薪酬约为71K美元。
据统计： 数据分析师最高薪酬是Google,Inc., 其次是Amazon.com Inc，Kaiser Permanente、Booz, Allen, an Hamilton和UniteHealth Group也都纷纷上榜。未来励志做数据分析师的童鞋们可以参考以上公司的薪资标准哦！
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