全面解析属于STEM项目的53个工程专业
首先,我们对 STEM 计划进行一下简单的介绍:
什么是 STEM?
STEM 由科学 (Science) 、技术 (Technology) 、工程 (Engineer) 和数学 (Mathematics) 首字母组成,是美国鼓励学生主修科学、技术、工程及数学的一项计划。在美国国土安全局网站上可以查到一个长长的属于 STEM 计划的专业列表,比如化工、计算机科学、物理、数学、生物科学和航空航天等理工科。
STEM 有什么好处 ?
对于国际学生来说,毕业之后想找工作就要申请 OPT(Optional Practical Training) ,有了 OPT 才可以在美国合法实习、工作,但是 OPT 都是有一定时间限制的。标准的 OPT 只有一年时间,也就是说如果毕业生一年之内无法拿到 H1B 工作签证,就必须离开美国了。
但是 STEM 专业的毕业生可以申请额外 24 个月的 OPT 延期,也就是说他们将拥有总共 36 个月的 OPT 时间用来找工作并申请 H1B 工作签证。因此,选择 STEM 项目,对于国际学生在美国找工作来说是莫大的优势 !
商科属于 STEM 专业吗 ?
传统商科如金融 ( 金融工程除外 ) 、会计等显然不是 STEM 专业,但是,近年来随着大数据的兴起,数据分析项目如雨后春笋一般在美国商学院兴起。由于这些项目与数学、统计及信息科学有大量的交叉,因此十分具备成为 STEM 专业的资质。
另有一些学校商学院的信息系统管理 (Information Management) 项目也纷纷增加了数据分析的方向。但是,目前来看,拥有 STEM 标签的商学院数据分析项目仍然是少数。
美国官方认定的 53 个 STEM 专业:
|
|
专业代码及名称
相关项目
14.0101) Engineering, General. 工程学
14.0102) Pre-Engineering. 工程预科
[Pre-Engineering Transfer Program]
14.0201) Aerospace, Aeronautical an Astronautical/Space Engineering. 航天,航空,航空航天工程
[Aeronautical Engineering] [Astronautical Engineering] [Space Systems Engineering] [Space Facilities Engineering] [Missile Systems Engineering] [Aeroelasticity] [Aeroynamics] [Air-Breathing Propulsion] [Stability an Control] [Astroynamics] [Guiance an Control] [Aerospace Navigation]
14.0301) Agricultural Engineering. 农业工程
[Bioprocessing Engineering] [Foo Engineering] [Soil Engineering]
14.0401) Architectural Engineering. 建筑工程
14.0501) Bioengineering an Biomeical Engineering. 生物工程与生物医学工程
[Cell an Tissue Engineering] [Neural Engineering] [Biomaterials Engineering] [Biomechanics]
14.0601) Ceramic Sciences an Engineering. 陶瓷科学与工程
14.0701) Chemical Engineering. 化学工程
14.0702) Chemical an Biomolecular Engineering. 化学与生物分子工程
14.0799) Chemical Engineering, Other.
14.0801) Civil Engineering, General. 土木工程
14.0802) Geotechnical an Geoenvironmental Engineering. 岩土工程与环境岩土工程
[Geotechnical Engineering] [Geoenvironmental Engineering] [Geotechnical an Geoenvironmental Engineering]
14.0803) Structural Engineering. 结构工程
14.0804) Transportation an Highway Engineering. 交通运输工程
14.0805) Water Resources Engineering. 水资源工程
14.0899) Civil Engineering, Other. 其他类别的土木工程
14.0901) Computer Engineering, General. 计算机工程
[Computer Systems Engineering]
14.0902) Computer Harware Engineering. 计算机硬件工程
14.0903) Computer Software Engineering. 计算机软件工程
14.0999) Computer Engineering, Other. 计算机工程,其他
14.1001) Electrical an Electronics Engineering 电子电气工程
[Electrical Engineering] [Total Ship Systems Engineering] [Electroynamic Engineering]
14.1003) Laser an Optical Engineering. 激光与光学工学工程
[Electro-Optic Engineering] [Optical Engineering]
14.1004) Telecommunications Engineering. 电信工程
[Communications Systems Engineering]
14.1099) Electrical, Electronics an Communications Engineering, Other.
14.1101) Engineering Mechanics. 工程力学
14.1201) Engineering Physics/Applie Physics. 工程物理及应用物理
[Applie Physics] [Directe Energy/Laser Physics] [Semiconuctor Physics]
14.1301) Engineering Science. 工程科学
14.1401) Environmental/Environmental Health Engineering. 环境与环境健康工程
[Environmental Engineering] [Environmental Management Engineering]
14.1801) Materials Engineering. 材料工程
[Materials Processing an Manufacturing] [Materials Science Engineering]
14.1901) Mechanical Engineering. 机械工程
14.2001) Metallurgical Engineering. 冶金工程
14.2101) Mining an Mineral Engineering. 采矿与矿物工程
14.2201) Naval Architecture an Marine Engineering. 造船与海洋工程
14.2301) Nuclear Engineering. 核工程
[Nuclear Reactor Engineering] [Nuclear Fuels] [Nuclear Power Engineering] [Nuclear Raiation an Shieling] [Nuclear Instrumentation an Measurement]
14.2401) Ocean Engineering. 海洋工程
14.2501) Petroleum Engineering. 石油工程
14.2701) Systems Engineering. 系统工程
[Inustrial/Manufacturing Systems Engineering] [Prouct Development Engineering] [Logistics Engineering] [Systems Engineering Management] [Capability-Base Systems] [Optimization] [Moeling an Simulation] [Decision Engineering] [Dynamical Systems]
14.2801) Textile Sciences an Engineering. 纺织科学与工程
14.3201) Polymer/Plastics Engineering. 聚合物 / 塑料工程
14.3301) Construction Engineering. 建设工程
[Construction Engineering an Management]
14.3401) Forest Engineering. 森林工程
14.3501) Inustrial Engineering. 工业工程
14.3601) Manufacturing Engineering. 制造工程
14.3701) Operations Research. 运筹学
[Decision Support Systems] [Decision Analysis] [Operations Analysis] [Simulation] [Operational Sciences]
14.3801) Surveying Engineering. 测量工程
14.3901) Geological/Geophysical Engineering. 地质 / 地球物理工程
14.4001) Paper Science an Engineering. 造纸科学与工程
14.4101) Electromechanical Engineering. 机电工程
14.4201) Mechatronics, Robotics, an Automation Engineering. 机电一体化,机器人技术和自动化工程
14.4301) Biochemical Engineering. 生物化学工程
[Biochemical Engineering] [Chemical an Biochemical Engineering]
14.4401) Engineering Chemistry. 工程化学
14.4501) Biological/Biosystems Engineering. 生物 / 生物系统工程
[Biological Engineering] [Biosystems Engineering] [Biological Systems Engineering] [Biomass Engineering] [Biological/Biosystems Engineering]
14.9999) Engineering, Other. 工程,其他
注释 :工程专业 STEM 项目列表 ( 中文翻译可能存在异议,请以英文名称为准 )